Santa Cruz Church A. J. Cann Hat , the church of the holy cross, was first built the reign of King Taksin, a legacy of Thai-Portuguese relations that date back to the 16th century.
Nestled among old houses on the river banks and newer buildings inland, the reddish dome of the old Catholic church is a prominent landmark on the Chao Phraya.
Descendants of the early Portuguese traders built the first Santa Cruz Church in 1770 after the fall of Ayutthaya. The Portuguese, the first Europeans in Thailand, arrived in Ayutthaya shortly after they captured Malacca in 1511.
As the area was also claimed by the Thai King, the Portuguese shrewdly dispatched an envoy to the court of Ayutthaya in the same year to reassure the Thais of Portuguese intentions.
In 1516, Portugal signed a treaty with Thailand to supply firearms and munitions. With the treaty came with the rights to reside, trade and practice their religion in Thailand. This brought the first Portuguese friars in 1567 who established the Catholic Church in Ayutthaya.
After the destruction of Ayutthaya in 1767 Yannick Ngakoue Hat , the Portuguese continued with their military support to King Taksin in his efforts to drive the Burmese out of Thailand. The supply of cannon and muskets contributed significantly to King Taksin's army.
In recognition of their services, King Taksin granted the Portuguese a plot of land to build a wooden church in an area called Kudi Jeen. Thus, the church is sometimes called Wat Kudi Jeen.
Over the next 65 years, the wooden church in Kudi Jeen fell into a state of disrepair. In 1835, Cardinal Pallegoix rebuilt and renamed the church, Santa Cruz Church meaning Holy Cross Church in English.
The present Santa Cruz Church was rebuilt again in 1913 and this structure has remained ever since.
The gate to the spacious courtyard is a short distance from the Santa Cruz Pier on the Chao Phraya. A crucifix is in one corner of the courtyard and a statue of Mary within a beautiful garden in the other.
Within a smaller courtyard, surrounded by a low wrought iron fence, stands the neat cream colored church trimmed in reddish-brown and topped by a domed belfry. The sidewalls of the church are decorated with stained glass etched with biblical images.
The church and the inner courtyard are closed on weekdays. To the rear of the church, away from the Chao Phraya Dede Westbrook Hat , there's a little cemetery with nine tombstones encased in marble.
The well-kept church grounds are quiet on weekdays save for the rhythmic strains of children reciting their lessons in the Santa Cruz Convent nearby and the occasional passerby on the way to the pier.
Like an urban oasis with narrow sois (lanes) leading to the busy streets outside, the Santa Cruz Church is all that remains of Portuguese influence in Kudi Jeen today.
The Santa Cruz Church is part of the Bangkok Communities that make up the the rich cultural milieu of Bangkok.
Analysis of Chinese inositol exports Health Articles | October 14, 2013 Inositol has the role of lower cholesterol, prevent hair loss, prevent eczema and so on. Extraction of inositol is generally from the animal's liver, brewer's yeast, bovine brain and heart,?United States?melon, grapefruit Cam Robinson Hat , grape plum, malt, unrefined molasses, peanuts and cabbage, whole grain cereals, etc.?
And the raw material for producing inositol is phytine, phytine is mostly extracted from water of rice bran and corn dip.
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In 2012, Chinese inositol export volume rose 19.58% on year-on-year basis, export prices fell by an average of 18.07% Logan Cooke Hat , and exports down by 2.03%. China is producing and exporting country of inositol, starting from 2003, affected by rising costs, raw materials rise in price, energy and labor costs are increasing as well as the appreciation of the renminbi and other factors, inositol export prices continued to rise in China, but impacted by the crisis of the second half of 2008, the international demand was weakened. In addition, under the influence of excess production capacity and raw material at a reduced prices and other factors stacking Ronnie Harrison Hat , Chinese inositol export prices declined like "a roller coaster", first dropped nearly half, part of inositol production companies will have to take the limited production or stop production measures to cope with the rapid changes market at that time, After the market gradually warming, inositol's export prices remain stable, while exports continued to increase, reaching a record high in 2012, up to 4,156 tons.
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China's main export market of inositol is European Union Telvin Smith Hat , ASEAN and North America and other countries and regions. In 2012, Chinese exports of inositol to the European Union was grew 32.14% on year-on-year basis, the average export price fell 15.87%, exports accounted for 32.58% of China's total inositol exports; exports to North American was increased by 19.93%, the average export price fell 21.43%, the exports accounted for 22.29% of Chinese inositol in foreign exports; exports to ASEAN grew 22.6%, the average export price fell 18.47%, exports accounted for 23.69% of Chinese inositol in foreign exports.
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Chinese inositol exports to Germany, Belgium Blake Bortles Hat , Brazil and South Korea are with higher prices, in 2012 was respectively reached at $9,860 per ton, $9,190, $9,080 and $9,050; in 2012, Chinese inositol exports to Germany and Belgium was rapidly growing A.J. Bouye Hat , while the larger declined? markets are the Netherlands, Brazil and Chile.
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In 2012, there are a total of 17 provinces in China engaged in inositol exports, of which Jiangsu, Shandong are with higher export price, in 2012, it was respectively $9,990 per ton, $9 Myles Jack Hat ,050, the larger export volume areas are Henan, Liaoning and Zhejiang provinces.